Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union

EduMobility 2.0 · Learning Resources

Learning Materials

Practical learning for the future of autonomous and electric mobility

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ADAS in Vehicles

1.0 ADAS Systems

1.1 ADAS Introduction

Purpose and importance of ADAS: increasing road safety and reducing human error. History and evolution from simple warning systems to actively intervening solutions.

1.2 Block Diagram of ADAS Systems

General functional block diagram and information flow: Sensors -> Electronic Control Unit (ECU) -> Actuators.

1.3 Role of ADAS in Autonomous Driving

How modern driver assistance systems form the foundation for autonomous vehicles. Transition from driver responsibility to system responsibility.

1.4 Terms & Definitions

(Ego Vehicle, Target Vehicle, Coordinate Systems) Explanation of key concepts: Ego vehicle (our vehicle), Target vehicle (detected vehicle), and coordinate axes for position and speed calculation.

2.0 ADAS Sensors

2.1 Automotive Radar

(Mono & Stereo) Operating principles, frequencies, and application of radar in safety and comfort systems.

2.2 Cameras and Vision Systems

Differences between mono and stereo cameras, image processing, and lane line or obstacle detection.

2.3 Ultrasonic Sensors

Ultrasonic short-range sensors and their application in parking assistance systems.

2.4 LiDAR

Laser sensor operating principles, point cloud logic, and 3D environment mapping.

2.5 GNSS, GPS and IMU

Determining precise vehicle position, tilt angles, and acceleration using satellite and inertial sensors.

2.6 Sensor Fusion Principles

Combining data from multiple sensors (camera, radar, LiDAR) into a unified and reliable environment model.

3.0 Assistance & Safety Systems

3.1 Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)

Following distance monitoring and automatic speed adjustment based on the preceding vehicle.

3.2 Lane Departure Warning & Lane Keeping Assistance

Lane departure warning and active lane-keeping assistance (LDW and LDA).

3.4 Traffic Sign Recognition

Traffic sign detection, driver notification, or speed limiting.

3.5 Automatic High-Beam

Automatic high-beam switching and matrix beam control to prevent blinding oncoming traffic.

3.6 Crosswind Assist

Crosswind compensation system to maintain vehicle stability in strong winds.

3.7 Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB)

Forward collision warning and automatic emergency braking to avoid or mitigate impacts.

3.8 Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA)

Cross-traffic alerts when moving forward or reversing out of parking spaces.

3.9 Vehicle Turn Assist

Turn assist for left turns and active steering support during emergency evasive maneuvers.

3.10 Parking Assist & 360° camera

Automatic and semi-automatic parking systems along with 360-degree camera view.

3.11 Driver Monitoring & Drowsiness Detection

Monitoring driver fatigue and inattention via camera and steering input analysis.

3.12 Occupant, Pedestrian Protection

Active occupant and pedestrian protection systems integrated with the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS).

3.13 Hill Start Assist & Hill Descent Control

Prevents the vehicle from rolling back during hill starts and automatically maintains a steady speed during steep downhill descents.

3.14 Emergency Stop Assist

Detects driver incapacitation or unresponsiveness and safely brings the vehicle to a controlled stop within its lane with hazard lights activated.

3.15 Exit Warning / Door Open Warning

Alerts occupants of approaching vehicles or cyclists before opening doors.

3.16 Night Vision Assist

Thermal or infrared camera system displaying pedestrians and animals in darkness or low visibility.

3.17 Trailer Stability Assist

Detects trailer sway and selectively applies individual brakes to restore combination stability.

3.18 Rear Collision Warning (RCW)

Monitors vehicles approaching rapidly from behind and flashes hazard lights to warn them, or pre-tensions seatbelts if a crash is imminent.

3.19 Junction View Assist

Detects cross-traffic at intersections and automatically applies brakes if the driver attempts to pull out into a dangerous situation.

3.20 Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA)

A legally mandated system in many regions (like the EU) that actively prevents the car from exceeding the speed limit via haptic accelerator pedals or power reduction.

3.21 Remote Smart Parking Assist (RSPA)

Allows the driver to park or summon the vehicle from a tight space using a smartphone app or the key fob while standing outside the car.

3.22 Rear Seat Occupant Alert (ROA)

Warns the driver if a child or pet is accidentally left in the rear seats after locking the vehicle.

3.23 Active Roll Stabilization & Curve Tilting

Active chassis system reducing body roll during cornering to maintain maximum tire contact patch and vehicle stability.

3.24 Predictive Efficiency & Drivetrain Assist

Uses GPS navigation and topographical data to optimize gear shifts, coasting, and speed ahead of curves and gradients.

3.25 Low-Speed Manoeuvre Assist

Prevents low-speed parking lot collisions by applying automatic braking before contact with static obstacles or pillars.

3.26 Transparent Bonnet

Reconstructs camera feeds to display a virtual view underneath the engine bay and front axle for tight or off-road maneuvering.

3.27 Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS)

External sound generator producing low-speed artificial noise to alert pedestrians of silent EV or Hybrid vehicle movement.

3.28 V2X Hazard & Infrastructure Warning

Vehicle-to-Everything wireless communication alerting the driver of hidden hazards, emergency vehicles, or roadworks ahead.

3.29 Steer-by-Wire & Redundant Steering Control

Electronic steering system without mechanical linkage, incorporating dynamic steering ratios and fault-tolerant backup power.

3.30 Pothole Detection & Active Suspension Avoidance

Optical scanning of the road surface to identify potholes and instantly adjust damper stiffness to minimize impact.

3.31 Biometric Access & Driver Profile Personalization

Biometric authentication (fingerprint or facial scan) for vehicle ignition and customized ADAS safety thresholds.

3.32 Automated eCall & Crash Response System

Automated emergency call system transmitting crash coordinates, impact severity, and occupant counts to rescue services.

4.0 Autonomous Driving

4.1 SAE Automation Levels

SAE J3016 automation levels (Level 0 to Level 5), practical driver vs. system responsibility handovers, Operational Design Domain (ODD) boundaries, weather/infrastructure limitations, legal liability, and safety requirements in automated driving.

4.2 Perception, Mapping & Localization

Covers real-time environment recognition, camera and radar limitations in adverse conditions, dynamic obstacle detection, centimeter-level vehicle localization using HD maps, SLAM concepts, and GPS/IMU positioning.

4.3 Path Planning & Control

Covers trajectory generation, predictive speed planning, automated obstacle avoidance, motion control actuation, system redundancies (backup steering, braking, power supply), and emergency safe-stop fallback maneuvers during critical system failures.

5.0 ADAS Calibration & Diagnostics

5.1 Static Calibration Procedures

Workshop-based static calibration workflow using target boards, laser alignment rigs, distance meters, and diagnostic scan tool guided procedures.

5.2 Dynamic Calibration Procedures

On-road dynamic calibration requirements: specific speed ranges, clear road markings, ambient weather conditions, and scan tool initialization modes.

5.3 Diagnostic Tools & Fault Codes (DTCs)

Connecting diagnostic equipment, reading live sensor parameters, analyzing ADAS-specific fault codes (DTCs), clearing DTCs, and troubleshooting sensor blockages or misalignment.

5.4 Documentation & Verification

Verifying post-calibration system operation via test drives, documenting alignment parameters, generating diagnostic printouts, and issuing formal customer calibration reports.

EV Technologies

6.0 EV & Hybrid Technologies

6.1 Vehicle Types & Emissions

Covers the operating principles of BEV, HEV, PHEV, MHEV, and FCEV, CO2 regulations, environmental mandates, and powertrain power-flow architectures.

6.2 Vehicle Components

Covers high-voltage battery packs, BMS, traction motors (PMSM, AC induction), main inverters, DC/DC converters, and thermal management systems (heat pumps, PTC heaters).

6.3 Hybrid Systems

Covers hybrid powertrain configurations (series, parallel, power-split) alongside regenerative braking logic and Brake-by-Wire energy recovery integration.

6.4 High-Voltage Safety

Covers workshop safety, Class 0 (1000V) PPE, safety perimeters, emergency rescue sheets, and standard de-energizing protocols (Service Plug isolation, 3-point voltage verification).

6.5 Charging Infrastructures

Covers AC and DC charging standards (Type 2, CCS2), bidirectional charging (V2L/V2G), safe charging practices, and remote telematics management via mobile apps.

6.6 EV Maintenance

Covers battery State of Health (SoH) tracking, EV-specific tires and chassis reinforcement, high-voltage insulation testing, HVIL circuit diagnostics, DTC troubleshooting, and battery module-level service.

Programming & AI

7.0 Programming & AI

7.1 Programming Fundamentals

Covers algorithmic logic (variables, data types, conditionals, loops, functions), clean code structure, and leveraging modern AI coding assistants (LLMs) for rapid code generation, real-time debugging, refactoring, and automated documentation.

7.2 Machine Learning & AI in Automotive

Covers the fundamentals of artificial intelligence, supervised/unsupervised machine learning, deep neural networks (CNNs for visual detection), and their application in ADAS sensor fusion, object classification, edge computing, and automotive neural processing units (NPUs).

7.3 Microcontrollers

Covers microcontroller hardware architectures (Arduino, ESP32, STM32), GPIO operations, analog/digital sensor readouts, PWM actuator and motor control, communication buses (UART, SPI, I2C, CAN bus basics), and real-time hardware interfacing.

7.4 Python & ROS

Covers core Python syntax, object-oriented basics, handling vehicle data formats (JSON, CSV, CAN logs), reading serial streams, data visualization with Matplotlib, and basic predictive telemetry analysis.

7.5 Simulation & Computer Vision

Covers robotics simulation environments (ROS/Gazebo), vehicle kinematics, and computer vision techniques using OpenCV for lane tracking, traffic sign recognition, obstacle distance estimation, and camera-based object detection.

3D Design & Printing

8.0 3D Printing Technology

Additive manufacturing fundamentals, detailed comparison of printing technologies (FDM/FFF, SLA/DLP, SLS), printable engineering materials (PLA, ABS, PETG, TPU, carbon-fiber reinforced filaments), and practical application in Industry 4.0 for rapid prototyping, functional automotive brackets, custom interior trim, jig/fixture production, and low-volume spare parts manufacturing.

8.1 CAD Programs

Covers parametric 3D modeling using industry-standard CAD software (Fusion 360, SolidWorks), 2D sketching, geometric constraints, extrusions, revolves, sweeps, lofting, assembly creation, precise tolerance/clearance design for mating mechanical parts, and Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) principles to minimize print overhangs and stress points.

8.2 Slicing & G-Code Generation

Covers slicing software parameter tuning (PrusaSlicer, Cura, Bambu Studio), layer heights, wall line count, infill percentages and structural patterns (Gyroid, Honeycomb), support generation (tree/snug supports), build plate adhesion (brims, rafts), print orientation optimization for maximum anisotropic strength, nozzle temperature profiles, and G-code generation/export for machine control.

VR & AR Technologies

9.0 VR/AR Fundamentals

Covers Virtual and Augmented Reality hardware architectures (standalone HMDs like Meta Quest, PC-tethered setups, AR smart glasses), optical and inertial motion tracking (inside-out, 6 DoF position tracking, hand tracking), spatial mapping, display technology (FOV, refresh rate, motion sickness mitigation), and physical safety guidelines for immersive workshop environments (boundary setup, cable management, user fatigue).

9.1 Creating Virtual Environments & Low-Code Logic

Covers real-time 3D engine setups (Unity, Unreal Engine), configuring pre-built VR development packages (XR Interaction Toolkit, VR Expansion Plugin), importing and optimizing vehicle CAD and 3D assets (OBJ, FBX, GLTF mesh compression, polygon reduction, UV mapping), realistic materials and lighting, and implementing interactive mechanics (object grabbing, socket snapping for assembly, tool manipulation, virtual button/lever controls) using visual scripting frameworks (Unreal Blueprints, Unity Visual Scripting).

9.2 Automotive VR & AR Applications

Covers practical automotive immersive applications, including risk-free high-voltage de-energizing procedure simulations, step-by-step virtual assembly and disassembly walkthroughs, AR spatial overlays for real-time diagnostic telemetry, remote technical support via smart glasses, and digital twin interaction for safe vocational hands-on training.

Self-Assessment & Quizzes

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Learning materials